Design of an IoT-BIM-GIS based Risk Management System for Hospital Basic
There has been a significant increase in emergency incidents involving hospital basic operation (non-clinical side of hospital daily running and maintaining), which adversely affects the functioning of hospitals and poses threat to the staff members and patients. To cope with these emergencies, our group proposes a design of risk management system based on technologies of Internet of Things (IoT), building information model (BIM), and geographic information system (GIS), aiming to realize real-time risk factors identification and more effective and more efficient coordinated response. In this paper, the system architecture, key technologies, and simulated cases are also presented respectively.Keywords-risk management, hospital basic operation, BIM, IoT, GIS
Risk management first appeared in performance and reliability critical industries, such as aerospace, aviation, and advanced manufacturing etc. [1]. The concept and techniques were later utilized by healthcare orgnisations, for administrating their daily clinical work, amid the growing tendency of dependence on advanced equipment and information system during the past century [2, 3]. In the meantime, risks in the non-clinical daily running and maintaining of hospitals, including logistics and ward, has received less attention from administrators and researchers. Through a survey of cases, we found that emergency incidents involving non-clinical basic operation could cause severe consequences threatening the health and safety of patients and staff members. For instance, the fever clinical building of the People’s Hospital of Shanxi province in China collapsed for land subsidence caused by the chronical leakage of underground water supple pipe networks, and the gas explosion in Cuajimalpa Maternal Hospital, located in southeast of Mexico City, caused 3 deaths and dozens of injuries [4, 5]. Such adverse events are typically caused by oversight, errors, and defects of the hospital basic operations and similar incidents happened pervasively. Risks of basic operation in hospitals involve many parts of human work and equipment running. The existing management strategy was mainly dependent on the manual inspection and disposal experience of staff members, which apparently increase the uncertainty of timely risk discovering and appropriate disposal measures taking. Informationized risk management system, based on IoT, GIS and BIM, contributes to solving these problems. IoT is defined as the internetworking of physical devices, buildings, vehicles and other objects, embedded with sensors, electronics and network connectivity that enable them to collect and transfer data [6]. In the risk management system for hospitals, IoT refers to the sensors collect and exchange the data about equipment running and environment and monitors providing the information
of the situation and state of crowded or other attention-required area. BIM is a process related to the generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of places [7], which helps to locate the risks and incidents, supply the information (such as the combustible material, or pipe network nearby and etc.) of specific area, and present the neighboring scene in and out buildings. GIS is designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographical data [8]. Not only display the data of longitude, latitude, and elevation, GIS is also characterized with the ability to realize related states analysis and prediction, paths planning and etc., that makes the procedure of emergencies coordinate response more orthonormal and considerate. The design of risk management system proposed in the paper integrates the technology of IoT, BIM and GIS to timely discover the risk and handle the emergencies in hospital basic operation.
There is some informatoinized response mechanism in terms of some specific emergencies, such as fires, parameters deviation of boilers and pressure pipelines, human attack and so on, but they are distributed in different management system. The risk management system proposed in the paper aims construct one comprehensive system cover all possible emergencies in hospitals, with integration and adjustment of the existing ones and supply other parts. The risk management system will promote the ability of hospitals in risk detection, analysis, visualization and response decision-making based on the integration of IoT, BIM and GIS. The system architecture and function design were described respectively, and its application was illustrated through application cases in this paper. In the viewpoint of public safety, the assessment and management of these risks consist of identification and classification, real-time monitoring and estimation, consequence prediction and alertness and coordinate response. Undoubtedly, the informatoinized systematic management of the risk elements contributes to achieve the goal. The difficulties of later work concentrate on the recognition algorithm with regard to the different emergencies, and the standard of different alarm levels. The economic efficiency also needs to be taken into consideration, since the disposal measures for some emergencies can meet the safety requirement. In terms of these emergencies, our work is to make their record of the state of risk factors informatoinized.